Mota Castle

You’re now standing in front of San Sebastian’s most iconic landmark, Mota Castle. Built in the early 12th century by order of King Sancho VII of Navarre, this fortress sits in a sheltered spot, protected from the wind and sea. It was a perfect location for a stronghold that would go on to shape the city’s history. In 1719, San Sebastian surrendered here for the very first time, falling to the French. Back in the Middle Ages, the city was part of the Kingdom of Navarre. The king established a port nearby, turning San Sebastian into a major trade centre. It soon became one of Spain’s most important ports, drawing the attention of major powers like France, England, and Portugal. The French captured the city in 1719, but the Spanish took it back a few years later. Over the next century, the French, British, and Spanish took turns occupying the fortress. Then, in 1813, while the French were in control, British and Portuguese forces launched a massive siege. The French retreated to Mota Castle, and on August 31st, heavy bombardment set much of the city on fire. Almost everything was destroyed, except for the castle and a few buildings at the base of the hill. Despite all the conflict, Mota Castle still bears the marks of its dramatic past. Parts of its old defenses are still visible today, showing how large and important this military site was. Over the years, it’s been damaged by lightning, rebuilt, and restored by various kings who stayed here. In 1921, long after the city had been rebuilt, the castle was officially declared a historic monument. Today, it stands proudly on the hill above the city, and countless visitors from around the world come to explore it. The statue at the top was added in 1950 on one of the castle’s old chapels, and now watches over La Concha Bay, along with the cannons pointing out to sea, recalling the site’s defensive role. If you’re curious to learn more about San Sebastian’s fascinating past, head to the museum inside the castle!